By Naba Kishor Pujari
Cancer is known as a hushed slayer and it accounts for leading causes of adult deaths globally. There are over 100 different types of cancer found yet in the world affecting various parts of the body. In India, the International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated indirectly that about 635 000 people died from cancer in 2008, representing about 8 per cent of all estimated global cancer deaths. The absolute number of cancer deaths in India will be higher because of population growth and increasing life expectancy.
According to a study supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and US National Institutes of Health, In India it is estimated that there are 2.8 million cancer patients at any given point of time with about 0.7 million new cases coming every year and nearly half die every year. Two-third of the new cancers are presented in advance and incurable stage at the time of diagnosis. More than 60per cent of these affected patients are in the prime of their life between the ages of 35 and 65 years. 50per cent of all male cancers are tobacco related and 25per cent in female (total 34per cent of all cancers are tobacco related). There are predictions of incidence of 7 fold increase in tobacco related cancer morbidity in between 1995-2025. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015 without intervention. It has also estimated that 91 per cent of oral cancers in South-East Asia are directly attributable to the use of tobacco and this is the leading cause of oral cavity and lung cancer in India.
According to the data shared by the American Cancer Society (ACS), more than 4,000 different chemicals have been found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. More than 60 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer (carcinogens). Almost 30 percent of the Indian population older than age 15 uses some form of tobacco. Men use more smoked tobacco than smokeless tobacco. Women are more likely to use smokeless tobacco. Beedis, Cigarettes and cigars, Chillum, Hookah are used as smoked tobacco in India whereas the Indians consume Khaini, Guthkha, Pan with tobacco, pan masala, and dry snuff in the non-smoked tobacco category.
National Cancer Registry programme (NCRP) is an initiative of Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) to generate reliable data on the magnitude and pattern of cancer in India. In its report on projection of cancers in India 2010-2020, it is mentioned that the total cancer cases are likely to go up from 979,786 cases in the year 2010 to 1,148,757 cases in the year 2020. The tobacco-related cancers for males are estimated to go up from 190,244 in the year 2010 to 225,241 in the year 2020. Similarly, the female cases will go up from 75,289 in year 2010 to 93,563 in the year 2020. It is the most important identified cause of cancer and is responsible for 30 to 50 per cent of cancers in men and about 10-15 per cent of cancers in women, in different registry areas. However, the registry programme could only survey 2 rural areas out of 24 selected locations for the survey.
Taking cognizance to the diversity and life style in our country, there should have more surveys in rural areas to get probably authentic and balanced information on the trend of tobacco use through which in latter could be planned for sustained effort to stop the menace of cancer.
The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) reported that 26 percent of adult Indians were tobacco chewers while 14 percents were smokers. In India, by the year 2020, the cases of head & neck cancers are estimated to be 19 per cent of all sites cancers. The main risk factors for these cancers are tobacco and alcohol.
Odisha has the highest percentage of tobacco chewers among nine surveyed states, according to the latest annual health survey (AHS).The state has accounted for 38 per cent people who consume tobacco in the above 15 age group is ahead of Assam 36.6 per cent ,Chhattisgarh 32.5 per cent, Jharkhand 24.1 per cent, Bihar 22.5 per cent, Uttar Pradesh (21 per cent, Madhya Pradesh 18.9 per cent, Uttarakhand 8.8 per cent and Rajasthan 6.9 per cent respectively.
According to the news of media, Malkangiri tops as the highest number of smokeless tobacco users where 58.4 per cent consume gutkha, khaini or paan masala, followed by Mayurbhanj (51.4per cent). Tobacco chewing population is more than 40 per cent in Balangir, Balasore, Bargarh, Bhadrak, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, Keonjhar, Koraput, Nabarangpur and Sambalpur districts. Gajapati with 13 per cent tobacco chewers is the only district where less than 20 per cent people consume smokeless-tobacco. While 40.6 per cent of state's rural populations consume edible tobacco, their population in urban areas is 25.6 per cent. Among males, 45.8 per cent use smokeless tobacco while 30.3 per cent females chew tobacco.
It is alarming facts that tobacco related cancer cases are increasing by 15 per cent every year in the state Records of the Acharya Harihar Cancer Centre reveal that in the year 2011-12, at least 25,024 patients visited the OPD, while 10,696 patients were admitted to the hospital out of which 40per cent were related to tobacco consumption.
It is a cheer note that of late but the Government of Odisha has recently banned use of tobacco in pursuance of provisions of the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restrictions on Sales) Regulation-2011. It is observed that around 40per cent of the cancer occurrences in Odisha is due to the consumption of tobacco which is the major cause that stimulated the Government to ban the use of tobacco.
But this is the beginning. After all, It needs a multidisciplinary approach to deal with the problem. Avoidance of use of tobacco, awareness among its users on adverse affects and early diagnosis and treatment in case of cancer detected, improvement of efficiencies in the regional level cancer centres can reduce the digit of cancers in our society. Monitoring on black marketing of tobacco products, raid, and ban on its manufacturing units and punishment will also work effectively towards a tobacco free India.
- See more at: http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=39264#sthash.OPsWR2lp.dpuf
Cancer is known as a hushed slayer and it accounts for leading causes of adult deaths globally. There are over 100 different types of cancer found yet in the world affecting various parts of the body. In India, the International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated indirectly that about 635 000 people died from cancer in 2008, representing about 8 per cent of all estimated global cancer deaths. The absolute number of cancer deaths in India will be higher because of population growth and increasing life expectancy.
According to a study supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and US National Institutes of Health, In India it is estimated that there are 2.8 million cancer patients at any given point of time with about 0.7 million new cases coming every year and nearly half die every year. Two-third of the new cancers are presented in advance and incurable stage at the time of diagnosis. More than 60per cent of these affected patients are in the prime of their life between the ages of 35 and 65 years. 50per cent of all male cancers are tobacco related and 25per cent in female (total 34per cent of all cancers are tobacco related). There are predictions of incidence of 7 fold increase in tobacco related cancer morbidity in between 1995-2025. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 84 million people will die of cancer between 2005 and 2015 without intervention. It has also estimated that 91 per cent of oral cancers in South-East Asia are directly attributable to the use of tobacco and this is the leading cause of oral cavity and lung cancer in India.
According to the data shared by the American Cancer Society (ACS), more than 4,000 different chemicals have been found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. More than 60 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer (carcinogens). Almost 30 percent of the Indian population older than age 15 uses some form of tobacco. Men use more smoked tobacco than smokeless tobacco. Women are more likely to use smokeless tobacco. Beedis, Cigarettes and cigars, Chillum, Hookah are used as smoked tobacco in India whereas the Indians consume Khaini, Guthkha, Pan with tobacco, pan masala, and dry snuff in the non-smoked tobacco category.
National Cancer Registry programme (NCRP) is an initiative of Indian Council of Medical research (ICMR) to generate reliable data on the magnitude and pattern of cancer in India. In its report on projection of cancers in India 2010-2020, it is mentioned that the total cancer cases are likely to go up from 979,786 cases in the year 2010 to 1,148,757 cases in the year 2020. The tobacco-related cancers for males are estimated to go up from 190,244 in the year 2010 to 225,241 in the year 2020. Similarly, the female cases will go up from 75,289 in year 2010 to 93,563 in the year 2020. It is the most important identified cause of cancer and is responsible for 30 to 50 per cent of cancers in men and about 10-15 per cent of cancers in women, in different registry areas. However, the registry programme could only survey 2 rural areas out of 24 selected locations for the survey.
Taking cognizance to the diversity and life style in our country, there should have more surveys in rural areas to get probably authentic and balanced information on the trend of tobacco use through which in latter could be planned for sustained effort to stop the menace of cancer.
The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) reported that 26 percent of adult Indians were tobacco chewers while 14 percents were smokers. In India, by the year 2020, the cases of head & neck cancers are estimated to be 19 per cent of all sites cancers. The main risk factors for these cancers are tobacco and alcohol.
Odisha has the highest percentage of tobacco chewers among nine surveyed states, according to the latest annual health survey (AHS).The state has accounted for 38 per cent people who consume tobacco in the above 15 age group is ahead of Assam 36.6 per cent ,Chhattisgarh 32.5 per cent, Jharkhand 24.1 per cent, Bihar 22.5 per cent, Uttar Pradesh (21 per cent, Madhya Pradesh 18.9 per cent, Uttarakhand 8.8 per cent and Rajasthan 6.9 per cent respectively.
According to the news of media, Malkangiri tops as the highest number of smokeless tobacco users where 58.4 per cent consume gutkha, khaini or paan masala, followed by Mayurbhanj (51.4per cent). Tobacco chewing population is more than 40 per cent in Balangir, Balasore, Bargarh, Bhadrak, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, Keonjhar, Koraput, Nabarangpur and Sambalpur districts. Gajapati with 13 per cent tobacco chewers is the only district where less than 20 per cent people consume smokeless-tobacco. While 40.6 per cent of state's rural populations consume edible tobacco, their population in urban areas is 25.6 per cent. Among males, 45.8 per cent use smokeless tobacco while 30.3 per cent females chew tobacco.
It is alarming facts that tobacco related cancer cases are increasing by 15 per cent every year in the state Records of the Acharya Harihar Cancer Centre reveal that in the year 2011-12, at least 25,024 patients visited the OPD, while 10,696 patients were admitted to the hospital out of which 40per cent were related to tobacco consumption.
It is a cheer note that of late but the Government of Odisha has recently banned use of tobacco in pursuance of provisions of the Food Safety and Standards (Prohibition and Restrictions on Sales) Regulation-2011. It is observed that around 40per cent of the cancer occurrences in Odisha is due to the consumption of tobacco which is the major cause that stimulated the Government to ban the use of tobacco.
But this is the beginning. After all, It needs a multidisciplinary approach to deal with the problem. Avoidance of use of tobacco, awareness among its users on adverse affects and early diagnosis and treatment in case of cancer detected, improvement of efficiencies in the regional level cancer centres can reduce the digit of cancers in our society. Monitoring on black marketing of tobacco products, raid, and ban on its manufacturing units and punishment will also work effectively towards a tobacco free India.
- See more at: http://www.orissadiary.com/CurrentNews.asp?id=39264#sthash.OPsWR2lp.dpuf
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